一、材质

1、 Material

目前布草的原料依然是以棉花为主，棉花的品质在根本上决定了面料的好坏。

At present, cotton is still the main raw material for linen, and the quality of cotton fundamentally determines the quality of the fabric.

粗绒棉：也叫亚洲棉，原产于印度。产量低、纤维粗短，不适合机器纺织，棉纤维长度小于23mm。

Coarse cotton: also known as Asian cotton, originating from India. Low yield, coarse and short fibers, not suitable for machine spinning, cotton fiber length less than 23mm.

细绒棉：常见的棉花。也叫陆地棉，原产于中美洲。在棉花总产量中占85%，在中国棉花总产量中占98%。目前大多数平价棉织品都采用细绒棉，棉纤维长度23～33mm。

Fine velvet cotton: a common type of cotton. Also known as upland cotton, it is native to Central America. It accounts for 85% of the world's total cotton production and 98% of China's total cotton production. At present, most affordable cotton fabrics use fine velvet cotton, with a cotton fiber length of 23-33mm.

长绒棉：高级的棉花。也叫海岛棉，原产于南美洲。纤维长、强度高、吸水性强，呈现蚕丝光泽，纤维长度一般大于33mm，甚至能达到60-70mm。

Long staple cotton: premium cotton. Also known as island cotton, it is native to South America. The fiber is long, strong in strength, and has strong water absorption, presenting a silk luster. The fiber length is generally greater than 33mm, and can even reach 60-70mm.

二、工艺

2、 Craftsmanship

纱线的粗细、织布的密度是决定面料品质的两大重要指标，就是常说的“纱支密度”。

The thickness of the yarn and the density of the woven fabric are two important indicators that determine the quality of the fabric, commonly known as "yarn count density".

纱支

Yarn count

先说纱支，纱支是指纱线的粗细程度，支数越高，纱越细，对原料要求就越高。

Let's first talk about yarn count, which refers to the thickness of the yarn. The higher the count, the finer the yarn, and the higher the requirements for raw materials.

纱支的计算方法，可以简单理解为：将一磅重的棉花纺成一根840码长度的纱，这根纱的粗细就是1支；纺成8400码长，这根纱的粗细就是10支；长度为840码的N倍，粗细就是N支，支数数多，纱就越细。

The calculation method of yarn count can be simply understood as: spinning one pound of cotton into a yarn of 840 yards in length, and the thickness of this yarn is one count; Spinning it into 8400 yards long, the thickness of this yarn is 10 pieces; The length is N times that of 840 yards, and the thickness is N pieces. The more pieces there are, the thinner the yarn.

纱支采用英制单位S，双股纱则标记为S/2，如果经纱和纬纱支数不同，例如经纱40支、纬纱30支，面料支数会表示为40S*30S。

The yarn count is in English units of S, while double ply yarn is marked as S/2. If the number of warp and weft yarns is different, such as 40 warp and 30 weft yarns, the fabric count will be represented as 40S * 30S.

密度

density

密度是指面料每平方英寸中经纱和纬纱的根数，例如经纱133根，纬纱72根，密度就是133*72。

Density refers to the number of warp and weft yarns per square inch of a fabric, for example, 133 warp yarns and 72 weft yarns, resulting in a density of 133 * 72.

业内常用经纬纱根数之和来描述，用单位T来表示，例如经纱133根，纬纱72根，那么面料密度约为200T(根)。高支是高密的前提，纱支越高，才能织出更密的面料来。一般60S/300T以上就可以称为高支高密面料。

The sum of warp and weft yarns is commonly used in the industry, expressed in units of T. For example, if there are 133 warp yarns and 72 weft yarns, the fabric density is about 200T (yarn). High yarn count is a prerequisite for high density, and the higher the yarn count, the more dense the fabric can be woven. Generally, fabrics above 60S/300T can be referred to as high count and high-density fabrics.

但不同支数对应的面料密度是有所限制的。 而且密度不是越高越好，随着密度的增加，面料会变得密实甚至防水，透气度、舒适度就大打折扣。

However, there are limitations on the density of fabrics corresponding to different counts. Moreover, the higher the density, the better. As the density increases, the fabric will become dense and even waterproof, greatly reducing breathability and comfort.

编织方式

Weaving method

面料的编织方式，也是判断品质的一个依据。大致上分为平纹、斜纹、缎纹三种。

The weaving method of the fabric is also a basis for judging the quality. It can be roughly divided into three types: plain, twill, and satin.

平纹：经纱和纬纱一上一下规律交织形成的织物组织，经纬纱的交织点多。正反面外观相同，质地坚牢挺括、表面平整。平纹密度一般不高，支数在30支左右，轻薄透气，价格也较低。也有少数绣花面料采用高密平纹。

Plain weave: A fabric structure formed by the regular interweaving of warp and weft yarns, with multiple interweaving points between warp and weft yarns. The front and back have the same appearance, with a firm and firm texture and a smooth surface. The plain weave density is generally not high, with around 30 pieces, lightweight, breathable, and affordable. There are also a few embroidered fabrics that use high-density plain patterns.

斜纹：经纱和纬纱至少隔两根纱才交织一次，经纬纱交织点少，表面浮线较长，手感松软，密度较高，比较厚实，立体感强。斜纹也是一种常见面料织法，支数有30支、40支、60支不等。

Twill weave: The warp and weft yarns are interwoven at least once every two yarns. The warp and weft yarns have fewer interweaving points, longer surface float lines, a soft texture, high density, and a relatively thick texture, with a strong sense of three dimensionality. Twill is also a common fabric weaving method, with counts ranging from 30, 40, and 60.

缎纹：经纬纱至少隔三根纱才交织，织物密度更高，更加厚实，布面平滑细腻，富有光泽，类似锦缎。经纱浮在织物表面，所以一般采用高支的精梳纱，比同类平纹、斜纹成本更高。

Satin pattern: The warp and weft yarns are interwoven at least three times, resulting in a higher density and thickness of the fabric. The fabric surface is smooth and delicate, with a glossy finish, similar to brocade. The warp yarn floats on the surface of the fabric, so high count combed yarn is generally used, which is more expensive than similar plain and twill yarns.