一般而言，酒店采用水洗的方法进行布草洗涤，但是用水洗涤布草时，常常会出现一些物质沾附在面料上，有些织物经水洗涤后会出现一些斑点，或者使原来艳丽的色彩变得暗淡无光等。在布草的熨烫中，蒸汽熨斗使用一段时间后，喷气口会附着许多水垢。出现上述现象，主要原因是洗涤用水的水质太硬，就是酒店布草业常用词汇的“硬水”。

Generally speaking, hotels use the method of water washing for fabric washing. However, when washing the fabric with water, some substances often adhere to the fabric, some fabrics may show spots after washing, or the original bright colors may become dull and dull. In the ironing of linen, after using the steam iron for a period of time, a lot of scale will adhere to the air jet. The main reason for the above phenomenon is that the water used for washing is too hard, which is the commonly used term "hard water" in the hotel linen industry.

硬水的概念及分类

The concept and classification of hard water

硬水是含有一定数量的钙、镁、铁、铝和锰的碳酸盐，还有重碳酸钙、氯化物、硫酸盐以及硝酸盐杂质的水，大于80PPM的为硬水。钙、镁盐类物质是硬水的主要组成部分。

Hard water is a carbonate containing a certain amount of calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, and manganese, as well as water containing impurities such as calcium bicarbonate, chloride, sulfate, and nitrate. Water greater than 80PPM is considered hard water. Calcium and magnesium salts are the main components of hard water.

辨别硬水的方法

Method for distinguishing hard water

方法一：准备一个干净的玻璃片，将要检测的水滴在玻璃片上，当水滴蒸发完后，看是否有残留的白色物质，较多的是硬水，较少的是软水；

Method 1: Prepare a clean glass sheet and place the water to be tested on it. After the water droplets evaporate, check for any residual white matter, with more being hard water and less being soft water;

方法二：把水放在烧杯中进行加热，观察水壁上是否有水垢，较多则为硬水；

Method 2: Heat the water in a beaker and observe if there is scale on the water wall. If there is more, it is hard water;

方法三：将水装于烧杯中，滴入少量的肥皂水，泡沫比较少的就是硬度比较高的水。

Method 3: Put water in a beaker and drop a small amount of soapy water. The water with less foam is the water with higher hardness.

硬水在洗涤、熨烫中的危害

The hazards of hard water in washing and ironing

损坏布草的质感和色泽

Damaging the texture and color of linen

硬水洗涤布草会损坏其质感和色泽。硬水中的钙、镁离子在织物上沉积，使白色织物产生发灰现象，影响白度和手感，使颜色织物的色彩变暗，失去鲜艳感，而且手感粗糙。

Washing linen with hard water can damage its texture and color. Calcium and magnesium ions in hard water deposit on the fabric, causing graying of white fabrics, affecting whiteness and texture, causing the color of colored fabrics to darken, lose their vividness, and have a rough texture.

降低洗涤剂的功能

Reduce the function of detergents

硬水中的钙镁离子与洗涤剂中的表面活性剂结合，可生成金属盐，使表面活性剂失去活力，不能发挥洗涤剂的应有性能，降低洗涤剂的主要功能。

The combination of calcium and magnesium ions in hard water with surfactants in detergents can generate metal salts, causing the surfactants to lose their vitality and fail to perform as expected, thereby reducing the main function of detergents.

顽固污渍难以去除

Difficult to remove stubborn stains

水中的钙、镁离子可与洗涤剂中的物质结合，生成沉淀物。另外，钙离子还影响有色污垢的去除，使一些污垢在洗涤以后依然沾附在衣物上，钻入纤维小孔和毛细管，躲在纤维空隙里面，比一般污垢粘的还牢固，清除它更为困难。

Calcium and magnesium ions in water can combine with substances in detergents to form precipitates. In addition, calcium ions also affect the removal of colored dirt, causing some dirt to still adhere to clothing after washing, drilling into fiber pores and capillaries, hiding in fiber gaps, making it more difficult to remove than regular dirt.

腐蚀布草熨烫工具

Corroded linen ironing tool

熨烫织物时，由于硬水的沉积物——水垢的逐渐积累，蒸汽发生器、烫平机、熨斗等设备的蒸汽管路的口径会变得狭窄甚至被堵塞，降低了熨烫设备的导热能力。水垢中的氯离子在高温下会侵蚀容器的管壁，形成铁盐水垢，致使熨烫设备的管壁变薄。

When ironing fabrics, due to the gradual accumulation of hard water deposits - scale, the diameter of the steam pipelines of steam generators, ironing machines, irons, and other equipment will become narrow or even blocked, reducing the thermal conductivity of the ironing equipment. The chloride ions in the scale can corrode the pipe wall of the container at high temperatures, forming iron salt scale, causing the pipe wall of the ironing equipment to become thinner.

硬水的软化方法

Softening method of hard water

化学软化法

Chemical softening method

化学软化法又称为水剂法，是在水中加入纯碱磷酸三钠或六偏磷酸钠、乙二胺、四乙酸钠等化学药剂，他们与水中的钙离子作用生成不溶性沉淀，使之从水中去除。

The chemical softening method, also known as the aqueous method, involves adding chemical agents such as sodium tripolyphosphate or sodium hexametaphosphate, ethylenediamine, and sodium tetraacetate to water, which react with calcium ions in the water to form insoluble precipitates and remove them from the water.

离子交换法

Ion exchange method

离子交换法软化水，是利用阳离子交换树脂吸附水中钙、镁、锰、铁等阳离子，既可软化水，又可除去一些对洗涤不利的杂质。离子交换软化水法，操作方便，使用寿命长，一次性投资稍微大点，但维修费用低。所以也是现在被大多数洗涤厂广泛使用的原因。更多事项就来我们网站http://www.jnadx.com咨询！

The ion exchange method for softening water uses cation exchange resins to adsorb cations such as calcium, magnesium, manganese, and iron in the water, which can not only soften the water but also remove some impurities that are not conducive to washing. The ion exchange softening water method is easy to operate, has a long service life, and has a slightly larger one-time investment, but low maintenance costs. So it is also the reason why it is widely used by most washing plants now. For more information, come to our website http://www.jnadx.com consulting service